Parris and Procter Essay

How does Miller use setting and activity in Set 1of ‘the Crucible’ to set up air and put things in place for the occasions which are to unfold? This paper describes the different manners by which Arthur Miller utilizes setting and activity to set the climate for the coming occasions in ‘the Crucible’. During the 1950’s while ‘the Crucible’ was being composed a marvel called McCarthyism was happening. McCarthy, who was the US president at that point, was resolved to chase down socialists in the USA. He was neurotic about Communists and McCarthyism is the name given to the suspicious conduct of his administration in the chase for socialists. Mill operator was brought before the appointed authority and was attempted, just like some of his companions, however Miller was not indicted in spite of the fact that others were. This is the place Miller’s thought for ‘the Crucible’ started. The connection among McCarthyism and the witch-chase is abuse, which is a typical equal in the two circumstances. Being founded on a genuine tale about a chronicled witch-chase makes sensational pressure in that the crowd are expecting a play dependent on actuality as opposed to fiction. The crowd at the time would have realized that the play was about McCarthyism, and by asserting that the play depended on certainty Miller makes fervor in the crowd who are set up for a real record of McCarthyism. It is outstanding that Miller couldn't play out his play openly in the US at that point and it must be acted in Belgium. By utilizing the Salem witch-chases Miller acquaints the crowd with the topic of good and malice. The setting and activities in Set 1 builds up climate specifically for the situations that are to develop in the remainder of the play. Set 1 in Act 1 is a little, basic room. Inside the room there isn’t much furnishings and the room has all the earmarks of being freezing and ungracious. The room is lit up by the depiction of the morning daylight gushing in through the window, however the window is portrayed as tight so dulling the picture of the room and constraining the daylight spilling in through the window. The crowd at that point has a picture of a little cut of light going into a room of obscurity, which makes a visual dramatization among light and dull. Thus, the set in Act 2 is depicted by Miller as ‘the low, dim and rather long family room of the time.’ Again the Set which is a room in Act 3 is portrayed as ‘solemn, in any event, prohibiting. Substantial shafts stick out, blocks of irregular widths make the walls.’ As in set 1 there are two ‘high’ windows with ‘sunlight pouring through’. At last in set 4 Miller depicts the jail cell as ‘in obscurity yet for the evening glow leaking through the bars.’ The arrangement of act 1 shows a comparable equal in the arrangement of the location of John Procter in a jail cell, with the light spilling through. While the crowd thinks about whether there is any expectation of Proctor not being blamed for managing in black magic, daylight streams in to the court from the high windows. This speaks to a promising sign for John Procter. Proctor’s spouse at that point deceives state that her better half isn't an obscene person, feeling that she is ensuring him, and the crowd sees all expectation ran away. Later in Set 4 in the jail cell Miller utilizes the analogy of twilight leaking through the bars to show that not everything is lost despondently. In every one of these sets Miller utilizes the expressive gadget of light coming through windows in dull rooms making the crowd imagine that the entire story will be dim with little hints of something to look forward to all through. The utilization of light and dull in the set draws on an equal of good and malice, expectation and hopelessness, equity and bad form. By permitting obscurity somewhat light to overwhelm so despondency, bad form and abhorrence structure the prevailing air. The changing environment in the comparative settings leaves the crowd un-arranged for what is going to occur straightaway. Set 1, as can be seen by analyzing the content further, the room is in every case brimming with pressure and it is never the set for anything quiet. Rooms are ordinarily where individuals go to unwind and rest however this room is where individuals go to contend and blame each other for waywardness. This specific room doesn’t have a place with anybody and is portrayed as ‘A little upper bedroom’. Rooms are ordinarily customized and made agreeable for the people whose room it is nevertheless this one is cold and flat. This immediately tells the crowd that this room will be the inside for complaints and predicament. The primary character the crowd meets in Act 1 is Reverend Samuel Parris, who is depicted as in his center forties. The crowd momentarily get the feeling that Parris is a man effectively irritated as his first words verbally expressed are â€Å"Out of here!† Here Miller includes the activity of Parris â€Å"scrambling to his feet in a fury†, which promptly makes strain. Reverend Parris’ touchiness and his urgent way, which he uses to get what he needs, are seen here. His serious resentment comes through again when he is contending with John Proctor â€Å"Man! Don’t a pastor merit a house†¦.†. Parris’s covetousness radiates through and the crowd sees a man out to get what he needs and not what’s best for the Church, which he is intended to serve. The crowd additionally observe his gaudiness â€Å"I am an alum of Harvard College†. He appears to accept that he is better than every other person. The encounter in set 1 Act 1 set everything up for what is to be an unquestionably increasingly genuine clash among Parris and Procter in the court. Now an alternate environment is made by the strain. Here again there is a contention among Parris and Procter, however jobs are turned around, and Proctor is by all accounts in charge. The pressure is likewise enhanced by the manner by which Parris talks â€Å"in fatal dread, to Elizabeth†. Savage dread is harsh speech and underscores to the crowd that demise is noticeable all around. Set 1 Act 1 additionally readies the crowd for Act 4 Parris is seen bizarre where he is cowering and asking for Procter to admit to managing black magic, exhibiting the degree to which Parris will go to get an admission, which the crowd knows is bogus.

My Experience Essay Essays

My Experience Essay Essays My Experience Essay My Experience Essay MY EXPERIENCE Life is the most exciting game you generally expect the sudden and there will never be a way out from it. We were four siblings and one sisters and my dad filled in as a counselor in court and we lived like a glad family . I spent my youth in Kerala and never at any point envisioned that after such a significant number of years I would be living as a fulfilled cop with my family in Delhi. My youth was spent going around in fields of Kerala. I was one of the wellness crack offspring of our town. I despite everything recall my mom chiding me when I used to go out early morning to practice with my companions and siblings (which demonstrated valuable for us in later life). I was prepared to do any sort of occupation at my childhood I was prepared to do any physical activity. I was dynamic in both governmental issues and sports around then . those recollections can never be eradicated. That was about my adolescence. Presently something about my profession. It must appear to be interesting, I got my letter for my activity when I was sitting at the highest point of the tent (pandal) tying it for a marriage. I was first glad that I was one of the hundreds chose from the thousands yet before long bliss was overwhelmed by the idea of leaving family and heading off to an obscure land. My mom advised not to leave. I despite everything recall her crying yet I realized it was my lone possibility I marshaled enough mental fortitude left for Delhi. The excursion was awful; I didn’t had a saved seat, the obscure land and obscure language almost constrained me to reexamine about my point I despite everything could take a train back. Be that as it may, I didn’t stop, my brain told it was presently or never circumstance. With

Object data modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Item information displaying - Essay Example an on the web, online framework that could permit their clients to (I) scan for the accessibility and tolls for the trip to the ideal goal, (ii) make installments safely through an outsider installment framework so as to book the tickets for the ideal flight, (iii) see the continuous guest plan with accessible seats and select the ideal seat so as to self-registration, and (iv) print out the loading up card. PART I: ANALYSIS REPORT 1. Use-Cases and Use-Case Diagrams Use cases and use-case outlines are the UML highlights for social affair and examination of client driven prerequisites. An utilization case can be characterized as a specific reason that can be accomplished by the client (or state, entertainer) through the framework (Chonoles and Schardt, 2003). An utilization case chart delineates a succession of collaborations between the entertainer and the framework (Gomaa, 2011). 1.1. An Overview Use Case Model As appeared in Figure 1, after are significant use instances of the Tick et Booking and Self-Check-In System: Major Use Case 1: Search the ideal trip After signing on to the Happy Tour’s site, the client can scan for the accessibility and passages for the trips to the ideal goal. So as to complete the hunt, the clients must give compulsory data to the framework which incorporates individual subtleties, the takeoff air terminal, the goal air terminal, expected outbound flight date and time. The client may likewise give discretionary data †the date and time for return trip, to make the inquiry progressively precise. Supposition: The query item records trips with accessible seats; at the end of the day, in the event that all the seats in the flight are reserved, at that point that flight won’t show up in the output. Significant Use Case 2: Book the ticket Once the client has discovered the ideal flight, she can proceed onward to the booking procedure where she makes the installment through an outsider secure installment framework. In the event that the installment gets effectively handled, a robotized affirmation email alongside the receipt is conveyed by the framework to the email address gave by the client. Significant Use Case 3: Self-Check-In The client can pick to perform self-registration the booked flight whenever however 24 hours before the planned flight time. To self-registration, the client must look for the flight either through the booked flight number and booking reference number. On the off chance that the flight is found and the customer’s booking is checked effectively, the framework shows the constant guest plan to the client. The accessible seats are appeared in blue shading, while those effectively held are shown in dark shading. The client can tap on any one accessible seat to pick it, and afterward continue to either

Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club Essay Example

Moms and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club Essay Mother-girl connections are regularly mind boggling. In The Joy Luck Club, creator Amy Tan communicates the mother-little girl relationship through four ladies and their little girls who move to America from China. The ladies were looking for better lives then what they had in China. The moms and their girls didn't generally agree yet toward the end the little girls began to understand that their moms simply needed the best for them. As the little girls are growing up, the contention between them increments. Suyuan Woo began the Joy Luck Club when she left China. She began the club as a break that her and different ladies experienced. When Suyuan was in China she had twin young ladies yet needed to abandon them, she got remarried and brought up a girl, Jing-Mei in America. Suyuan and her little girl Jing-Mei shared an uncommon bond that numerous didn’t comprehend. She would reveal to her girl various tales about her twins, however Jing-Mei couldn't be sure whether her mom was coming clean. â€Å"I never thought my mother’s Kweilin story was definitely not a Chinese fantasy. The closure consistently changed,† Jing-Mei would state (Pg. 25). Jing-Mei before long discovers that the narratives her mom been telling are genuine, they were accounts of her life. The more she found out about her mom past stories from China she began to have regard for her mom. When she began confronting difficulties of her own, she can accept her mother exhortation into thought. Jing-Mei neede d to locate her own personality without her mom and still please her yet all Suyuan needed was her little girl to be a virtuoso. Suyuan needed only the best for her girl, she trusted that one day Jing-Mei would turn into a sensational piano player. Despite the fact that Jing-Mei played the piano, she never thought she was sufficient for her mother’s standard so she never gave it her everything. In any case, she quits playing the piano â€Å"I must be me,† (pg.154). She couldn’t be consistent with herself; she couldn’t live up We will compose a custom paper test on Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Drug Rehabilitation Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medication Rehabilitation Program - Essay Example This work especially examines papers about medication restoration programs that administrations have started in order to reduce violations including chronic drug use. These papers eagerly take a gander at the advantages of the projects, how they have helped accomplished objectives of medication use decrease and wrongdoing decrease and then again, how the projects have neglected to address the issues. The US Department of Justice through the National Institute of Justice has led an examination to find out the viability of various wrongdoing avoidance programs. Characterizing wrongdoing counteraction program as any training appeared to bring about less wrongdoing than would happen without the training, the exploration isolated the viability of the projects into what works, what doesn't work, what's promising and what's obscure (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). This article especially identifies with the undertaking of this paper in giving a substantial measure and a real outcome to the inquiries of viability of wrongdoing anticipation. This is finished with a unique spotlight on the remedy for chronic drug use among the adolescent. It essentially establishes an audit of the current wrongdoing counteraction projects of the legislature. The assessment utilized logical measure to give a predictable and sensibly target approach to make determinations about circumstances and logical results (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The examination philosophy comprised of three stages: the quest for sway assessment, the utilization of Maryland Scale of Scientific Methods and choosing what works, what doesn't work, what's promising and what's obscure. The initial step was a type of writing audit. It inspects the current reports that assess the viability of wrongdoing counteraction programs. Next, the analysts adjusted the Maryland Scale of Scientific Method positioning each investigation from 1 as the most fragile to 5 as the most grounded (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The examination configuration is made out of 5 levels which incorporates connection between's a wrongdoing avoidance program and a proportion of wrongdoing or wrongdoing hazard factors at a solitary point in time. To arrive at the decision of adequacy, a program ought to in any event have a two level 5 investigations (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The examination demonstrated that preschool and week after week home visits by educators, building school ability to start and continue advancement using school groups or other hierarchical improvement methodologies, explaining and imparting standards, preparing or instructing in deduction aptitudes for high-chance youth, ex-wrongdoer work preparing, additional police watches in horror problem areas and restoration programs for grown-up and adolescent guilty parties are among the strategies that work. Then again, weapon buyback program and expanded capture or attacks on sedate markets are seen as inadequate. To appropriately mark the projects, they utilized both the optional examination and the logical scale. This is the escape clause in the investigation since there it does not have the quantitative and target measure is ordering the program. The main support gave was the auxiliary examination done. The issue anyway with auxiliary examination

Second-Choice Major FAQ for Transfers

Second-Choice Major FAQ for Transfers After finally deciding on a major, you open our transfer application and see that were asking you to apply to multiple majors. We get itâ€"it can be difficult enough to choose one major, let alone two. While it may be challenging for you to choose two majors, I highly encourage that you do. Lets answer some of the frequently asked questions about the second-choice major process: Why should I choose a second-choice major? If you only put down one major on your application, that will be the only major you are considered for. We will assume you only want to attend Illinois if admitted to your first, and only, major. There is no disadvantage to providing a second-choice major. By doing so, you increase your chances of being admitted to the university as a whole. What should my second-choice major be? Great question! I encourage you to explore our majors if you arent sure what your second-choice major should be. At the bottom of each major page, youll find a list of related majors, which can help guide your search. Note that a few majors arent available as a second choice. You can find that list on the FAQ page of our website. You can apply to two majors in the same college or to two majors in two different colleges. Remember that many options could be a good fit for you even outside of the main college youre interested in. For example, if your first-choice major is within the Gies College of Business, you might want to consider Economics, Advertising, and related concentrations within Agriculture and Consumer Economics as your second choice. Or, if youve selected a first-choice major within the Grainger College of Engineering, you might want to take a look at majors like Technical Systems Management, Industrial Design, and Chemical Engineering, too. What else do I need to do? You will need to write a second 300- to 400-word essay on why youre interested in this major. But thats it! If you are applying to two similar majors, it is completely fine to talk about similar things in your essay. I strongly discourage you from copying and pasting the same essay in both test boxes. We do read them! You can find tips on writing a great Illinois essay on our blog. I already applied and didnt list a second-choice major, but I would like to now. What do I do? You can add a second-choice major via your myIllini Application Status page. Adding a second-choice major after the deadline will not impact your status. You are able to add a second-choice major up until your decision is released. Is there anything important I should keep in mind when selecting a second-choice major? Make sure youve satisfied the course and GPA requirements for your second-choice major, too. You can view these requirements in our Transfer Handbook. Also note that some majors might not be a good option for you depending on the number of credit hours youre coming in with. For instance, the Undeclared program in the Division of General Studies gives preference to students who have fewer than 35 transferable hours by their term of entry. I hope this helps break down how our second-choice major process works. Feel free to ask questions below. The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is also open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. CST Monday through Friday, and you are welcome to call us at 217 333-0302 to speak with an admissions counselor about any questions you may have. Were here to help! applying majors Fabian Admissions Counselor, Undergraduate Admissions I'm excited to help transfer students navigate and master the application process to find the right fit for them. As an Illinois transfer student and now an alumni, providing this information is my priority.

The Bloodiest War In U.S. History - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION The civil war was the bloodiest war in American History, its effects are still felt today. However, it is what occured after the war that has truly made a mark in modern society. Despite the terms for the souths surrender being fairly relaxed, the legalization of blacks as citizens as well as the pursuit of equal rights further encouraged Klan activity to increase and manifest into society. After the period of Reconstruction, follow by the 15th Amendment, the formation of hate groups such as the KKK began. BODY ONE Despite the terms for the souths surrender being fairly relaxed, the legalization of blacks as citizens as well as the pursuit of equal rights further encouraged Klan activity to increase and manifest into society. After african-americans had secured the 15th amendment many southerners turned to violence to prevent the newly freed southern blacks from voting. As a result of this push for a do whatever it takes mentality Klan Activity in the south exponentially increased and their attacks were becoming increasingly horrifying. After a (INSERT CITATION)riot that broke out in Memphis,Tennessee which resulted in the assassination of 46 blacks and 70 more injured 2 months later on July 30th, 1866 a white mob in New Orleans attacked the attendees of a black suffrage convention leaving 37 african-americans dead and 3 allied whites.. As the evidence shows, after the ratification of the 15th amendment hate groups such as the KKK were formed and with a push for more violence as a way to disrup t african-americans in their pursuit of their freedoms, hate group activity surged throughout the south. BODY TWO The transition of presidents from Lincoln to Johnson, and Grant had different effects on equality in the U.S. which ultimately had different effects on the power of hate groups during their terms and beyond. President Abraham Lincoln was a driving factor for the pursuit of the freedom of slaves which the north achieved at the end of the war, however President Lincoln was also a large step in the right direction towards equality. Lincolns plan for reconstruction was to bring in the south peacefully and with little repercussions despite large protest from republican radicals and some member of congress. Part of bringing the south in was for the states to swear to never take arms up against the United States again but to also publicly admit that slavery was wrong. This was a sound plan and would have made the souths transition back very smooth for the entire country, however John Wilkes Booths assassination of President Lincoln led to the transition becoming much messier. After Lincoln was assassinated President Johnson was put into office, the Problem with Johnson was that he was a scalawag, meaning he was a sort-of false republican, unfortunately President Johnson did not do a great job of hiding it. Johnson was ultimately jeered for his plan to bring back the old souths ways of outright racism and inequality. However what many people didnt realise is that through Johnson many ex-confederate soldiers and other radical racists drew strength and confidence from Johnsons persistence and ideology which led to the formation of hate groups like the KKK. After Johnsons term was over Ulysses S. Grant was elected president and he tried to fix the problems created by Johnson such as the problem that was the Klan and ignorance from southern states. In Grants pursuit he passed several acts to try and firmly end the use of terrorist groups to deter Black People from carrying out their deeds as citizens. In the end, Grants poor choice in the government officials he elected would be his undoing as President and also DESTROYED his credibility and authority, which allowed states to continue to bypass his laws/acts and allowed the Ku Klux Klan to continue to progress and grow. BODY THREE Although african-americans were attaining the same rights and freedoms of white people, they still had to wait a long time before they could actually act on them. Due to increased violence and Klan activity in the south many black newly freed slaves were either forced or decided against acting on their rights, a prime example of this was voting. Another example of this situation was the job crisis for african-americans, as they gained the right to be able to own property many of the newly freed slaves didnt have any money to buy land so most went back to working for their former owners in an attempt to gain an income, and many times African-Americans and even poor whites were subjected to share-cropping which was a modern form of slavery, which kept them from earning enough money to move off the land and start their own independent life. As time progressed the racist hate group known as the Ku Klux Klan took their ideals and motives (those which prevented, and scared african american s from voting) and transformed them into the Jim Crow laws which made segregation legal, allowed for open expression of discrimination towards Black People and with the return of literacy tests, things like the right to vote for african americans were restricted as many african americans failed the tests. The evidence provided supports the claim that although Black People gained their rights they were not protected and further, Black People had to wait even longer to truly begin to fulfill them. A prime example being the right to vote which in summary was suspended and tampered with due to the Jim Crow Laws and the formation of sharecropping. BODY FOUR Despite laws passed by the government to help protect African-Americans from persecution by hate-groups the end results were very limited and ineffective. As many people were scared to trial against the Klan Ulysses S. Grant put the (INSERT CITATION) Force Acts of 1870 into action which stated that South could no longer ignore southern blacks and their rights and had to acknowledge the guarantee of their equal protection.. However, due to the governments limited influence and power in the south laws such as this were still ignored and violated. Congress (Highly Republican Majority) even passed the (INSERT CITATION)Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 that made individuals, groups, and states subject to federal law if convicted of racial hate crimes, once again instead of these laws having a real impact, hate groups such as the KKK simply adjusted and continued forward. (INSERT CITATION)The basic ideals of racial hate groups manifested into the Jim Crow laws and segregation as of 1877 to 1954, al lowed Klan activity to not only continue but also increase and grow. Even in todays era, the Ku Klux Klan still exists and carries out hate crimes (although on a much lower level). The evidence provides dates and events in time following reconstruction and the 15th amendment that help show the extensive power of the Ku Klux Klan as well as the limited power and influence of` the federal government in the south during times of racial inequality and persecution. CONCLUSION The civil war is known as the bloodiest war in U.S. history, and for a good reason. This war resulted in the highest amount of casualties to american soldiers to date. In addition to these statistics the civil war had a lasting effect after its conclusion and still affects society today. One of the best known effects of the war is the formation of hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan which was created as a way for ex-confederate soldiers and other southerners to maintain their racist way of life in addition to scaring black people away from filling their newly acquired rights and truly acting as a U.S. citizen. The transition of presidents also meant a change of ideals of a nation. From Lincoln to Johnson to Grant and after meant a continuous change in actions taken towards equality, therefore each presidential term was different. Despite this, in the long run actions taken by different presidents resulted in little positive change as no real action was taken to continue and maintain said actions. In the end these changes were led by and influenced by racial hate groups such as the KKK and have continued to be effected as time has passed. After the period of Reconstruction, follow by the 15th Amendment, the formation of hate groups such as the KKK began.

The Social Problem Of Teenage Drinking - 725 Words

Teenage drinking has become one of the largest social issues among young people in America today. Although more than half of high schoolers drink on a regular basis, the problem is that they are not aware of how dangerous alcohol can be. Although the health risks of heavy drinking are known and understood, the social habit continues to be accepted as a cultural norm. Is it surprising then, that the young people are beginning to drink at school ages. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. Simply put, alcohol ruins many young people’s lives, and is now of the most serious problems young people face. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2012) â€Å"Alcohol is the most widely used†¦show more content†¦The media needs to quit targeting todays youth. Because underage drinking is a serious concern and associated with harmful consequences. Many interventions to prevent underage drinking have been developed, however; not all of them have been proven to be effective. According to Spoth, Greenberg, Turrisi, R. (2009) â€Å"Despite substantial progress, the findings presented here indicate that there still is very limited research on interventions that target emerging alcohol use adolescents.† (p.60). Laws and sanctions against underage drinking exist to some extent in all states, although many state laws contain loopholes. In Florida where I reside, it is illegal for a parent to give alcohol to a minor even on their private property. Unfortunately, in some other countries it is not illegal if a parent to provide alcohol to a minor. With these cultural differences, it becomes harder and more difficult to reduce underage drinking. In my opinion, I think when it comes to underage drinking it should be uniform across the border, we are dealing with children ‘s health and their future. As adults, it is our job to provide them with the best future and environment for them to learn and grow. When adults give alcohol to minors a fine is not enough, I think if parents give alcohol to a minor there is a need for harsher consequences. It appears that enforcement of existing laws is lowShow MoreRelatedEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is a problem currently between teens and alcohol. There are many causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve American teenagers. Teenage drinking will become worse of a problem if it continues unchecked on its current path to destruction. Alcohol abuse among teenagers in the United States is a plague that is destroying the structure of American society. 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Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With risingRead MoreResearch Paper Drinking Age1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe legal drinking age refers to the youngest age at which a person is legally allowed to buy and consumes alcoholic beverages. The drinking age varies from country to country. Here in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. There has been much debate on whether the drinking age in the United States should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. People in favor of keeping the drinking age at twenty-one believe that there will be less alcohol related injuries and deaths from

F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby - 1484 Words

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s the Great Gatsby is a detailed and attentively structured book outlining a tragic love story that revolves around Jay Gatsby, a wealthy yet mysterious man, and the dainty and fragile woman of his dreams, Daisy Buchanan. The story is revealed through the eyes of the narrator, Nick Carraway, who significantly becomes a part of Gatsby s life due to the fact he was harshly involved by him. Throughout the book, it becomes evidentially clear that obsession takes over the personality of Gatsby turning his relationship towards Daisy all the more toxic. Moreover, the obsession that Gatsby accumulates towards Daisy causes severe consequences towards his own life ultimately leading to his own downfall. Overall, Fitzgerald’s†¦show more content†¦He tries to recreate the past in the present and create the once thriving relationship he had with Daisy once again. Throughout the book, it is significantly clear that Gatsby’s obsession for Daisy con trolled his actions. He did everything he possibly could to be noticed by her and to connect with her once more. The first example of this lies within the location of his house itself. Gatsby even states that the reason for purchase of this specific house was to be closer to his one true love, Daisy. On page 83, Jordan Baker says, â€Å"It was a strange coincidence, I said. But it wasn t a coincidence at all. Why not? Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay.† This quote shows the obsession that Gatsby had for Daisy because of the fact he would move to a certain location just to be that much closer to her. Secondly, the huge and gigantic parties that Gatsby had were no coincidence either. It becomes apparent that the reason Gatsby had those enormous and elaborate parties was in hope of the arrival of Daisy. Jordan Baker even says, â€Å"I think he half expected her to wander into one of his parties, some night,† Ultimately, we see this obsess ive pattern having a restriction on Gatsby s life. He never gave himself the opportunity to socialize because of the craze he had over Daisy, and that s why he is developed as this mysterious and unspoken character.

Elizabethan Era - 11072 Words

The Elizabethan Age is the time period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a variety of settings that broke away from Englands past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation was established and successfully defended against the Catholic powers of the Continent. The Elizabethan Age is viewed so highly because of the contrasts with the periods before and after. It was†¦show more content†¦There followed several long years of breathless suspense; then in 1588 the Armada sailed and was utterly overwhelmed in one of the most complete disasters of the worlds history. Thereupon the released energy of England broke out exultantly into still more impetuous achievement in almost every line of activity. The great literary period is taken by common consent to begin with the publication of Spensers Shepherds Calendar in 1579, and to end in some sense at the death of Elizabeth in 1603, though in the drama, at least, it really continues many years longer. Several general characteristics of Elizabethan literature and writers should be indicated at the outset. 1. The period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many kinds in both verse and prose, and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful romance to the level of very repulsive realism. 2. It was mainly dominated, however, by the spirit of romance. 3. It was full also of the spirit of dramatic action, as befitted an age whose restless enterprise was eagerly extending itself to every quarter of the globe. 4. In style it often exhibitsShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Era1461 Words   |  6 PagesWay way back long ago there was a time period called â€Å"The Elizabethan era†. It was full of many wonderful things, such as fashion. They had a very particular fashion. The Elizabethan era was the Queen Elizabeth Is reign which was from 1558–1603. It took place in England. It is also known as the golden age. This also happened to be when Elizabethan Theatre began to grow and playwrights like Shakespeare composed many plays that changed the way of the old style theatre ways. Towards the end of QueenRead MoreThe During The Elizabethan Era Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elizabethan theater became a central part of social life in Shakespeare’s time and was a form of entertainment that took people’s minds off the daily hardships during the Elizabethan era. The Elizabethan era is known for its English nationalism and advancements of arts during the English Renaissance. Because of this, the Elizabethan era is considered to be the height of the English Renaissance. England’s working class had a difficult life. Powerful lords owned and governed local districts thatRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era Of Europe1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elizabethan era also known as the Tudor period of Europe was an amazing time to be an artist in Europe There were so much culture and life that was created during that time. According to many historians, this time period was the Golden Age of Europe. The Elizabethan era took place between the years 1558-1608. As alluded to be the name of the period this was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This Period also was full of Europe colonizing the world. One of Queen Elizabeth’s most famous ChartersRead MoreMedicine in The Elizabethan Era Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages Did you know there was a time where infectious diseases like the common cold could kill you and your family? This was the elizabethan era probably the last time where sickness became the â€Å"grimm reaper† before modern medical advancements. With infectious diseases spreading and killing so many people doctors became desperate. Because these doctors knew very little about medicine, they were completely willing to try experimental treatments on their patients (Alchin). Sadly just about anybody withRead MoreElizabethan Era Crime and Punishment728 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Elizabethan era, doing a crime was the worst mistake of all, depending on how big your crime was, people had to know that their lives were at risk. Every crime was big before, even â€Å"crimes of treason and offenses against the state were treated with that murder and rape today.†(Elizabethan Crime and Punishment) â€Å"Offenses such as manslaughter, robbery, rape, piracy and capital crimes enti tled one to hanging, usually in the town square.† (Elizabethan crime and Punishment) During Queen Elizabeth’sRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era in England Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elizabethan Era is often referred to as the Golden Age of England (A Changing View...). The Elizabethan Era, named after Queen Elizabeth I, was a time of change and discovery (Elizabethan Superstitions). Elizabeth ruled in a time of religious turmoil; both the Catholics and Protestants fought to be the official religion of England. (Elizabethan World View). Many people throughout England struggled to find the â€Å"correct† religion (Elizabethan World View). Religion was changing and so did scienceRead MoreFashion During the Elizabethan Era Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered what people in the Elizabethan Era wore? Fashion was just as important in those days as it is to some people today. What people were wearing mattered to others, and even the government. Du ring the Elizabethan Era clothing, accessories, and cosmetics were all a part of daily life. During the Elizabethan Era, there were a set of rules controlling which classes could wear which clothing called the Sumptuary Laws. The Sumptuary Laws controlled the colors and types of clothingRead MoreEssay on Clothes and Fashion of the Elizabethan Era1050 Words   |  5 PagesOf all aspects of Elizabethan culture, the most distinctive is probably the clothing and fashion. A lot of the clothing varied to whether they were a member of the nobility, upper class or the poor. But even if a women or man was wealthy or poor, they were not allowed to wear whatever they wanted. It was a highly fashioned age that prized a look that was artificial, elaborate, and striking. The style of clothing of the Elizabethan Era are easily recognizable today and popular with designers of historicRead MoreEssay on Elizabethan Era Music and Musician535 Words   |  3 PagesHow is Elizabethan Era music different from the music that we listen to during this period of time? The music during the Elizabeth an era is different from today’s music; For example the music during the Elizabethan era is very significant to them due to the fact that it was history being made. This paper will provide you with more information about the music during the Elizabethan era. In fact, Elizabethan tried to please people in the entertainment industry with different musicRead MorePerspectives Of Hamlet During The Elizabethan Era1604 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives of Hamlet during the Elizabethan Era By: Aanshi Gandhi One of the many beautiful aspects of art is that it gets perceived in many unique ways depending on the viewer’s cultural, political and social views and standpoints. Literature experiences different interpretations all the time and authors use this to their advantage to create a piece of work which remains evergreen. Shakespeare evidently utilises this technique in his most intriguing, and fascinating literary piece, Hamlet. Stuck

The Upside Of Income Inequality By Gary Becker - 873 Words

Comparative Writing Gary Becker’s and Kevin Murphy’s article, â€Å"The Upside of Income Inequality†, analyzes the positive effects of the income gap, and Paul Krugman’s New York Times column, â€Å"Confronting Inequality†, stresses the negative impact of the income gap; it is apparent by juxtaposing these two texts that income inequality can be effected by economic development, education, and social equality. Gary Becker’s and Kevin Murphy’s â€Å"The Upside of Income Inequality† analyzes the correlation between overall economic development, the importance of education and the effects it has on increasing income inequality. Becker’s and Murphy’s article presents a study taken in China that shows the increase in income inequality raising at similar rates as economic growth. This ultimately leads to a decrease in the amount of people facing poverty and better living conditions for the poor. During China’s rapid rate of economi c development â€Å"inequality rose, [but] the number of Chinese who live in poverty fell from 260 million in 1978 to 42 million in 1998. Despite the widening gap in incomes, rapid economic development dramatically improved the lives of China’s poor† (Becker and Murphy 581). The authors also state that income inequality is in fact a natural result of economic development because it â€Å"raised the standard of living for both the rich and the poor† (Becker and Murphy 582). Education also effects the average earnings of Americans. The importance of receiving an education hasShow MoreRelatedPoverty Inequality : Economic Inequality1509 Words   |  7 PagesCombating Economic Inequality Economic Inequality When you turn on the news nowadays, some of America’s biggest problems are right there flashing across your screen. However, the increasing issue of inequality that our country is facing doesn’t seem to get quite the attention it deserves. The disproportion of lower and middle class families to wealthier families, due to economic inequality, is in dire need of a solution! So how do you fix a struggling economy between the classes? ProfessorsRead MoreInequality Of The American Dream1368 Words   |  6 PagesInequality Do you think the American dream is still a concept today? If so, is it still possible to achieve this American dream? The American dream can be described as the success of life, and the goals achieved. Sometimes, these dreams can not be achieved due to obstacles. In this case, obstacles such as inequality. Many may view America has the land of opportunity and the greatest nation ever due to our vast diversity and freedom, but is this thought to be true in America itself? There has beenRead MoreThe American Dream : Dead, Alive, Or On Hold?1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American Dream are very much alive. However, Paul Krugman author of â€Å"Confronting Inequalities† bring up several excellent points as well, regarding that not all Americans can pursue the American Dream because of all the inequalities Americans currently possesses. Achieving the American Dream is not impossible, but it is harder to attain now than how it used to be with social, income, and racial inequaliti es being the primary cause. As of now individuals has to overcome many of bias barriers toRead MoreState Of The American Dream1524 Words   |  7 Pagesto correlate with more success. There are other inhibiting factors for success; most of which are permanent. One demographic that faces many inequalities is the female population. Girls are exposed to social pressures that condition them to be unsuccessful; they are taught by society that they are inferior. Women face social injustices, income inequality, and discrimination in the workplace which affect their abilities to prosper in American society. Even women of a dominant race will be deprivedRead MoreUS Public Financial and Fiscal Policies1858 Words   |  8 Pagesexemptions and loopholes that currently exist. The major benefactor of the current Tax system is what is commonly called the â€Å"1%†. This refers to the one percent of the population who control approximately 40% of the country’s wealth. Given this inequality it is imperative to consider alternative Economic policies, which might help bridge the gap between the â€Å"1%† and the rest of the population. There are many possible adjustments regarding the current Economic policy in America that would benefitRead MoreEssay On The American Dream1945 Words   |  8 PagesFreedom is opportunities to educate oneself, to better them and their children’s future. But after escaping tyranny 241 years ago, we still induce some inequality in our systems. Yet we have learned so much from our mistakes to also succeed in most aspects of becoming a new government. In today’s vast world, trying to get rid of the inequality in the government is not so easy. But the American Dream is alive, and by educating people and acknowledging the rights and wrongs we do, we will graduallyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunity College David Albritton, Northern Arizona University Bradley Alge, Purdue University Lois Antonen, CSUS Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue University Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University

China †Geert Hofstede Free Essays

4/22/13 China – Geert Hofstede THE HOFSTEDE CENTRE (index. php) GET CERTIFIED Select a Country United States in Intercultural Management and (/certification- Culture by Organisational courses. html) in comparison with the below China THE HOFSTEDE CENTRE (thehofstede-centre. We will write a custom essay sample on China – Geert Hofstede or any similar topic only for you Order Now html) 118 80 91 GEERT HOFSTEDE (geerthofstede. html) NATIONAL CULTURE (nationalculture. html) 66 DIMENSIONS (dimensions. html) 62 30 46 29 40 COUNTRIES (countries. html) APPLICATIONS (applications. html) 20 COURSES (interculturalmanagement-courses. html) PDI IDV China MAS UAI LTO United States ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE (organisational-culture. tml) EVENTS AND COURSES (eventscourses. html) FAQ (faq. html) What about China? If we explore the Chinese culture through the lens of the 5-D Model, we can get a good overview of the deep drivers of Chinese culture relative to other world cultures. Power distance This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal – it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. At 80 China sits in the higher rankings of PDI – i. e. a society that believes that inequalities amongst people are acceptable. The subordinate-superior relationship tends to be polarized and there is no defense against power abuse by superiors. Individuals are influenced by formal authority and sanctions and are in general optimistic about people’s capacity for leadership and initiative. People should not have aspirations beyond their rank. Contact Imprint (contact. html) (imprint. html) Individualism The fundamental issue addressed by this dimension is the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. It has to do with whether people? s self-image is defined in terms of â€Å"I† or â€Å"We†. In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to ‘in groups’ that take care of them in exchange for loyalty. At a score of 20 China is a highly collectivist culture where people act in the interests of the group and not necessarily of themselves. In-group considerations affect hiring and promotions with closer in-groups (such as family) are getting preferential treatment. Employee commitment to the organization (but not necessarily to the people in the organization) is low. Whereas relationships with colleagues are cooperative for in-groups they are cold or even hostile to out-groups. Personal relationships prevail over task and company. Masculinity / Femininity geert-hofstede. com/china. html 1/2 4/22/13 China – Geert Hofstede A high score (masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that starts in school and continues throughout organisational behaviour. A low score (feminine) on the dimension means that the dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life. A feminine society is one where quality of life is the sign of success and standing out from the crowd is not admirable. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine). At 66 China is a masculine society –success oriented and driven. The need to ensure success can be exemplified by the fact that many Chinese will sacrifice family and leisure priorities to work. Service people (such as hairdressers) will provide services until very late at night. Leisure time is not so important. The migrated farmer workers will leave their families behind in faraway places in order to obtain better work and pay in the cities. Another example is that Chinese students care very much about their exam scores and ranking as this is the main criteria to achieve success or not. Uncertainty avoidance The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the UAI score. At 30 China has a low score on uncertainty avoidance. Truth may be relative though in the immediate social circles there is concern for Truth with a capital T and rules (but not necessarily laws) abound. None the less, adherence to laws and rules may be flexible to suit the actual situation and pragmatism is a fact of life. The Chinese are comfortable with ambiguity; the Chinese language is full of ambiguous meanings that can be difficult for Western people to follow. Chinese are adaptable and entrepreneurial. At the time of writing the majority (70% -80%) of Chinese businesses tend to be small to medium sized and family owned. Long term orientation The long term orientation dimension is closely related to the teachings of Confucius and can be interpreted as dealing with society’s search for virtue, the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view. With a score of 118 China is a highly long term oriented society in which persistence and perseverance are normal. Relationships are ordered by status and the order is observed. Nice people are thrifty and sparing with resources and investment tends to be in long term projects such as real estate. Traditions can be adapted to suit new conditions. Chinese people recognize that government is by men rather than as in the Low LTO countries by an external influence such as God or the law. Thinking ways focus on the full or no confidence, contrasting with low LTO countries that think in probabilistic ways. geert-hofstede. com/china. html 2/2 How to cite China – Geert Hofstede, Papers

Doctors Vs Government The War On free essay sample

Doctors Vs Government: The War On Legalizing Marijuana Essay, Research Paper In recent old ages, debates over whether the authorities should legalise the drug marihuana, and the resulting drug war, have made headlines countrywide. The thought that physicians and research workers have been persisting to turn out is that marihuana has medical utilizations for patients with certain diseases and upsets. But the authorities has their eyes closed to the facts. Doctors and scientists who have studied marihuanas agree that it does hold some medical benefits, and some feel the authorities is so busy contending the # 8220 ; War on Drugs # 8221 ; that it does non see them. Doctors and researchersa and the authorities have conflicting thoughts about marihuana, but there is some understanding on some facets of this # 8220 ; war. # 8221 ; Marijuana is one of the oldest and most researched psychotropic drugs known to humanity. As stated by Lester Grinspoon, M.D. , a medical physician and associate professor of psychopathology at Harvard Medical School, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; [ Marijuana ] was surely cultivated in China by 4000 B. C. and in Turkestan by 3000 B.C. # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Grinspoon 3 ) . For 1000s of old ages prior to its prohibition in the 20th century, hemp ( another name for marihuana ) was used as a medical specialty throughout the universe. Until the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 was passed, # 8221 ; # 8230 ; marihuana, being a powerful topical anodyne, musculus relaxant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-spasmodic agent, was found in virtually all # 8221 ; unctions and relaxers ( Goddard 1-2 ) . The United States Pharmacopeia recommended marihuana for over one 100 illnesses including asthma, weariness, tantrums of coughing, megrim concerns, and spasms and depression associated with menses ( Goddard 2 ) . This lasted up until 1942 when it ceased to be listed due to increasing political force per unit area. Not merely does marihuanas hold its medical values, it besides has its industrial utilizations. Some people say marihuanas should be legalized for the sick who can profit from its use ; for the husbandmans who need hard currency ; for the revenue enhancement grosss it could convey in ; and for the environmental and industrial benefits it possesses ( Wickman ) . In the yesteryear, hemp ( another signifier of marihuana, which is legal ) had been used to do ropes, vesture, paper, canvas, and many other stuffs. This would intend many of the frights the universe has today about trees and the environment would be extinguished. Thomas J. Bouril, the writer of an cyberspace site entitled # 8220 ; Marijuana and Hemp: The Untold Story # 8221 ; , believes that, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; it is possible that the existent ground marihuana was banned was to forestall hemp from of all time going a major natural resource, # 8221 ; ( 1 ) . Marijuana has over four 100 chemicals. Many of these chemicals are the same as those in regular coffin nails, but marihuana is more powerful. The chief psychoactive and head changing chemical is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short ( For 1 ) . This chemical produces the side effects which include dry oral cavity, rapid bosom round, and a feeling of being # 8216 ; high # 8217 ; . In grownups, physical effects of marihuana usage include feelings of euphory or relaxation ; addition in bosom and pulse rate ; reddening of eyes ; waterlessness in oral cavity and pharynx ; and a mild lessening in organic structure temperature. Occasionally there is an addition in appetite. ( For 2 ) . # 8220 ; Except for the injuries associated with smoke, the inauspicious effects of marihuana usage are within the scope of effects tolerated for other medicines, # 8221 ; ( # 8221 ; Week # 8221 ; 3 ) . Some users claim that it enhances hearing, vision, skin sensitiveness, but no 1 has proven t hese claims yet. Marijuana has besides been shown to impair short-run memory temporarily, alter sense of clip, and cut down the ability to execute undertakings necessitating concentration, fleet reactions and coordination. Using marijuana non merely has physical effects, but besides its mental 1s. Peoples enduring from depression or other emotional perturbations who use marihuanas to handle symptoms frequently cause a deterioration of the job. Many people who use marijuana study it doing break in their lives ( For 2 ) . Marijuana usage has been known to rupture isolated households and friendly relationships. The root of the job is in the chemicals of the marihuana works. These same chemicals are in regular coffin nails, but coffin nails do non do these types of jobs. It would look that this would be an open-and-shut instance, where it is common sense non to let marihuana usage at all. But given the history of marihuana, all the research, facts, and information available right now, this is non the open-and-shut instance it should be. The United States Government has many grounds for non desiring to legalise marihuana. One of the chief issues is that marihuana usage leads to the usage of harder drugs. This is merely one of the many myths of marihuana. However, there is no scientific grounds for the theory that marihuana is a # 8216 ; gateway # 8217 ; drug. The civilizations in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America which use hemp show no leaning for other drugs. The authorities made the # 8216 ; gateway # 8217 ; theory in the 1960ss, when marihuana became the taking new recreational drug. Although there is no grounds that marihuana is a gateway drug, there is grounds that hemp may replace for intoxicant and other # 8216 ; difficult # 8217 ; drugs. The one manner in which marihuana does take to other drugs is through its illegality ; individuals who deal in marihuana are likely to cover in other illicit drugs every bit good ( Gieringer ) . Another issue the authorities debates is that there would be more traffic human deaths. # 8220 ; Detecting the slaughter caused by rummy drivers, oppositions of drug legalisation worry that doing marijuana easier to obtain would multiply the figure of traffic human deaths, # 8221 ; ( Sullum ) . In a survey that examined about two thousand traffic accidents in seven provinces, the decision was that, # 8220 ; There was no indicant that hemp by itself was a cause of fatal clangs, # 8221 ; ( Sullum ) . This survey besides stated, # 8220 ; But given the grounds that people use intoxicant less when they use pot more # 8230 ; marijuana legalisation could besides intend fewer rummy drivers, # 8221 ; ( Sullum ) . The other fright the authorities has is that marihuana additions agressiveness. Marijuana has been shown to detain a individual # 8217 ; s response clip to sights and sounds. For illustration, it would take a driver longer to respond to a unsafe state of affairs. The ability to execute consecutive undertakings can besides be affected. The biggest drive jobs for marihuana users occur when faced with unexpected events. These events can include a auto nearing from a side street or a kid running out between parked autos. The greater the demand of a impulsive state of affairs, the less able the user will be to get by. However, a driver under the influence of marihuana is non likely to lose control of the auto because marihuana does non increase aggressiveness like intoxicant does ( For 4 ) . Scientists and the authorities both have their feelings about the side effects of marihuana, particularly on kids. Scientists believe that a pregnant adult female utilizing marihuana is more likely to fail or hold a still born kid. If the kid is born alive, birth defects frequently occur ( For 5 ) . Marijuana usage besides affects a turning kid. It can interfere with turning up. # 8220 ; As research shows, the effects of marihuana interfere with acquisition by impairing thought, reading comprehension, and verbal and arithmetic accomplishments, # 8221 ; ( For 2 ) . However, if their is any grounds to turn out this, it could non be found. Along with the hazards during gestation, there are some for a turning kid. Some scientists believe the drug may interfere with the development of equal societal accomplishments, and may promote a sort of psychological escape. # 8220 ; Young people need to larn how to do determinations, to manage success, to get by with failure, and to organize their ain beliefs and values. By supplying an flight from # 8216 ; turning strivings # 8217 ; , drugs can forestall immature people from larning to go mature, independent, and responsible, # 8221 ; ( For 2 ) . But, there is small grounds to turn out this. The authorities uses kids as an alibi non to legalise marihuanas ; they may acquire the message that marihuana is safe for anyone to utilize. On the other manus, the authorities # 8217 ; s frights are backed by a national study done in 1977. It was broken down into age groups. One of the age groups was the 12 to seventeen twelvemonth olds. The study showed that 59 per centum of high school seniors had tired marihuanas, and one out of nine was a day-to-day user ; eight per centum of the 12 and 13 twelvemonth olds reported that they had smoked marihuanas at least one time, and half of them were current users ; twenty nine per centum of the 14 and 15 twelvemonth olds had tired it, and 15 per centum were still utilizing it. Although no kids under 12 old ages old were surveyed, many of the 12 to seventeen twelvemonth olds reported that they foremost tried marihuana, and sometimes started smoking it on a regular basis, while they were still in grade school ( For 3 ) . Marijuana is besides shown to detain a individual # 8217 ; s response clip to sights and sounds.For illustration, it would take a driver longer to respond to a unsafe state of affairs. The ability to execute consecutive undertakings can besides be affected. The biggest drive jobs for marihuana users occur when faced with unexpected events. These events can include a auto nearing from a side street or a kid running out between parked autos. The greater the demand of a impulsive state of affairs, the less able the user will be to get by. A driver under the influence of marihuana is non likely to lose control of the auto because marihuana does non increase aggressiveness like intoxicant does ( For 4 ) . In add-on to the frights of kids being affected by marihuana, the authorities feels there are no recognized medical utilizations for it. However, during the 20th century marihuana has been discovered to be an effectual intervention for many other complaints. For illustration, Dr. Van Sim concluded, based on major research, that # 8220 ; marijuana # 8230 ; is likely the most powerful anti-epileptic known to medicate today, # 8221 ; ( Goddard 3 ) . More powerful than standard epileptic drugs, marihuana wholly eliminated epileptic ictuss in kids who were non reacting to therapies utilizing legal drugs ( Goddard 3 ) . Marijuana can besides be used with glaucoma patients. Dr. Robert Hepler of UCLA published a major survey in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1971 demonstrating that marijuana lowers intraocular force per unit areas in the eyes. Glaucoma, a taking cause of sightlessness, is a status in which the force per unit areas build up doing optical harm. Marijuana has been proven to alleviate these force per unit areas far better than any legal drug, leting glaucoma patients to maintain their seeing so long as they use marihuanas on a regular basis ( Goddard 3-4 ) . Even the Drug Enforcement Administration believes marijuana is safe. In 1988, after reexamining all the grounds presented in a case against the authorities # 8217 ; s prohibition of medical marihuana, the Drug Enforcement Administration # 8217 ; s ( DEA ) administrative jurisprudence justice, Francis Young, wrote, The grounds in this record clearly shows that marihuana has been accepted as capable of alleviating the hurt of great Numberss of really sick people, and making so with safety under medical supervising. It would be unreasonable, arbitrary and freakish for the Drug Enforcement Administration to go on to stand between those sick persons and the benefits of this substance in visible radiation of the grounds # 8230 ; Marijuana, in its natural signifier, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. In rigorous medical footings, marihuana is safer than many nutrients we normally consume ( Bouril 3 ) . However, the DEA rejected this recommendation. It is conclusive that the authorities and physicians and research workers have their differences in sentiment. However, they both have their similarities. While the authorities is excessively busy turning a blind oculus to the facts, the research workers are non listening to the grounds the authorities gives for non legalising marihuana. Once everyone can hold, there will be advancement to do marijuana legal for medical intents. However, this means that the authorities will hold to acknowledge that it was incorrect, and that will non be go oning anytime in the close hereafter. So until so, those people enduring with the unwellnesss discussed which marihuana can handle, they will maintain waiting, trusting to acquire their opportunity to populate a full and healthy life. Bibliography Bouril, Thomas. # 8220 ; Marijuana and Hemp: The Untold Story # 8221 ; . Online. Internet. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities.com/Athens/Rhodes/1043/facts.html. November 29, 1999. For Parents Merely: What You Need to Know About Marijuana. Reprinted in Drugs 3. Article No. 2. Gieringer, Dale Ph.D. # 8220 ; Marijuana Health Mythology # 8221 ; . Online. Internet. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.druglibrary. org/schaffer/hemp/general/gier.htm # myth18. November 29, 1999. Grinspoon, Lester M.D. and James B. Bakalar. Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Sullum, Jacob. # 8220 ; Pot Luck: Marijuana and Driver Fatalities # 8221 ; . Volume 26. Reason. July 1, 1994:16. EBSCO. Online. Internet. October 27, 1999. # 8220 ; Week Online with DRCNet # 8221 ; . Issue # 84. March 26, 1999. Online. Internet. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. drcnet.org. October 24, 1999. Wikman, Eric. # 8220 ; Should Marijuana Be Legal? ( March 1999 ) # 8221 ; . Online. Internet. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ericwikman.com/marijuana/articles/031999.html. Online. Internet. October 19, 1999. 373

Cloning and stem cell research Essay Example For Students

Cloning and stem cell research Essay Cory King ENG 120 Sec. 02 Spring 2002 March 15, 2002 Cloning, and Stem Cell Research Technology has advanced a great deal within the past few years. We have learned so much information about animals genes and what can be done with them. However, with this new information brings new questions and arguments. So far, scientists have successfully cloned a sheep, a monkey, a bull, and are working on an endangered breed of ox, of course cloning animals and conducting research on those animals does not concern many people. When people begin discussing Cloning and stem cell research Essay heads turn because it is such a controversial issue. Is it morally right to destroy a life so that maybe someday others could live? According to an article in People Weekly the theory is that embryonic stem cells could replace any damaged or diseased tissue, curing diseases like Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and diabetes. Sounds like a winning plan to the uneducated hear. The problem that arises with this theory is that scientists must destroy human embryos to make the cells. Michael West, the chief executive of Advanced Cell Technology a Worcester, Massachusetts based company where a majority of their cells come from embryos left over from In Vitro Fertilization. In Vitro Fertilization, is a process where the sperm from a male and an egg from a female are fertilized outside of the human body in a laboratory. When scientists perform this procedure generally the scientists will extract more than one embryo from the female to ensure that at least one will be fertilized. The rest of the cells are then extra and are not needed. West and other scientists at Advanced Cell Technology have proposed producing stem cells from cloned embryos. This may lead to treatments in which damaged tissue is replaced with what are essentially the patients own cells. West also explains that unlike other types of cells, embryonic stem cells can probably reproduce forever. These cells will grow for researchers until the last researcher on the Earth, ads West (Herper). When asked in a CNN.com chat room, When do scientists consider an embryo a life? Dr. Jeffrey Kahn the Director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Minnesota responded with this. It depends on the scientist, but you would get views ranging from at conception to at birth. Many people consider the stage of embryos we are talking about to be pre-embryos since they are so early in their development. Some scientists believe that there are many advantages in allowing human cloning to proceed. Dr. Richard Seed, an advocate for human cloning suggests that some day it may be possible to reverse the aging process from what could be learned through cloning. Scientists also believe that they might be able to help heart attack victims by cloning the persons healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of their heart that were damaged from the heart attack. Through cloning, infertile couples could also be able to have children. It is a fact that the average person carries eight defective genes in them. These genes cause people to become sick when they would otherwise be healthy, through human cloning technology it may be possible to guarantee that the average person may no longer suffer from our defective genes. Scientists hope that one-day we may also be able to clone livers and kidneys for transplant patience. One of the first benefits expected from cloning technology is scientists should be able to clone bone marrow for children and adults who suffer from leukemia. Cancer may no longer be a problem if scientist learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning. Cloning could even benefit the fashion world, by providing an alternative to silicone breast implants as well as other cosmetic procedures that may cause immune diseases. Cloning would allow doctors to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that is an exact match of the patients. Which would help people who have been deformed or have had a limb amputated due to accidents to have their features repaired with safer technologies. Confucianism Essay These are just a few of the advantages cloning technology can help mankind, and why many scientists are against .

3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction

3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction 3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction 3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an attempt to make a list within a sentence has gone awry. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and one or two revisions suggest solutions. 1. We have specific plans about what we are going to do, how and when. This sentence implies a list consisting of â€Å"what we are going to do, how we are going to do them, and when we are going to do them,† but it elides one word too many: â€Å"We have specific plans about what we are going to do, and how and when.† 2. He holds various roles, from celebrated guest, martial arts envoy, unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant. If what appears to be a list of associated nouns or noun phrases is preceded by from, it is not a list, but a range that includes one or more intermediate parameters, so from should be complemented by to, and the sentence must be further revised so that parameters are connected with conjunctions, thereby combining to be clearly associated with either to or from: â€Å"He holds various roles, from celebrated guest to martial arts envoy and unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant. Alternatively, revise the sentence slightly to avoid the range construction altogether: â€Å"He holds various roles, including celebrated guest, martial arts envoy, unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant.† 3. The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, compliance with internal and public company requirements, and to support future growth. The grammatical structure of the final list item is inconsistent with those preceding it- it alone includes an infinitive phrase (â€Å"to support†)- so revise it to match the others by shifting support from a verb to a noun: â€Å"The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, compliance with internal and public company requirements, and support of future growth.† Alternatively, convert the third item to a final item by inserting a conjunction before it, then make what was the final item a distinct phrase by inserting an of before it to make it parallel with the list (which is preceded by of) and changing the form of the verb: â€Å"The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, and compliance with internal and public company requirements and of supporting future growth.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsPunctuation Is Powerful

Thе TrаÑt Approаch To LеаdеrshÑp The WritePass Journal

ThÐ µ TrÐ °Ã'â€"t ApproÐ °ch To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p RÐ µfÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs ThÐ µ TrÐ °Ã'â€"t ApproÐ °ch To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p IntroductÃ'â€"onThÐ µ TrÐ °Ã'â€"t ApproÐ °ch To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"pWhÐ °t do lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs do? ThÐ µ bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"orÐ °l Ð °pproÐ °chSÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l ApproÐ °chÐ µs To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"pContÃ'â€"ngÐ µncy ThÐ µorÃ'â€"Ð µsChÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c And TrÐ °nsformÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"pLÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p DÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µntRÐ µfÐ µrÐ µncÐ µsRelated IntroductÃ'â€"on ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ fÐ µw thÃ'â€"ngs morÐ µ Ã'â€"mportÐ °nt to humÐ °n Ð °ctÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"ty thÐ °n lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. Most pÐ µoplÐ µ, rÐ µgÐ °rdlÐ µss of thÐ µÃ'â€"r occupÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð µducÐ °tÃ'â€"on, polÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"cÐ °l or rÐ µlÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"ous bÐ µlÃ'â€"Ð µfs, or culturÐ °l orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ °tÃ'â€"on, rÐ µcognÃ'â€"zÐ µ thÐ °t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ã'â€"s Ð ° rÐ µÃ °l Ð °nd vÐ °stly consÐ µquÐ µntÃ'â€"Ð °l phÐ µnomÐ µnon. PolÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"cÐ °l cÐ °ndÃ'â€"dÐ °tÐ µs proclÐ °Ã'â€"m Ã'â€"t, pundÃ'â€"ts dÃ'â€"scuss Ã'â€"t, compÐ °nÃ'â€"Ð µs vÐ °luÐ µ Ã'â€"t, Ð °nd mÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"tÐ °ry orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"ons dÐ µpÐ µnd on Ã'â€"t. ThÐ µ FrÐ µnch dÃ'â€"plomÐ °t TÐ °llÐ µyrÐ °nd oncÐ µ sÐ °Ã'â€"d, â€Å"I Ð °m morÐ µ Ð °frÐ °Ã'â€"d of Ð °n Ð °rmy of 100 shÐ µÃ µp lÐ µd by Ð ° lÃ'â€"on thÐ °n Ð °n Ð °rmy of 100 lÃ'â€"ons lÐ µd by Ð ° shÐ µÃ µp.† ThÐ µ TrÐ °Ã'â€"t ApproÐ °ch To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p ArÃ'â€"stotlÐ µ suggÐ µstÐ µd thÐ °t â€Å"mÐ µn Ð °rÐ µ mÐ °rkÐ µd out from thÐ µ momÐ µnt of bÃ'â€"rth to rulÐ µ or bÐ µ rulÐ µd,† Ð °n Ã'â€"dÐ µÃ ° thÐ °t Ð µvolvÐ µd Ã'â€"nto thÐ µ GrÐ µÃ °t PÐ µrson ThÐ µory. GrÐ µÃ °t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs of thÐ µ pÐ °st do sÐ µÃ µm dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt from ordÃ'â€"nÐ °ry humÐ °n bÐ µÃ'â€"ngs. WhÐ µn wÐ µ consÃ'â€"dÐ µr thÐ µ lÃ'â€"vÐ µs of GÐ °ndhÃ'â€" or MÐ °rtÃ'â€"n LuthÐ µr KÃ'â€"ng, Jr., Ã'â€"t Ã'â€"s Ð µÃ °sy to thÃ'â€"nk of thÐ µÃ'â€"r Ã'â€"nfluÐ µncÐ µ Ð °s Ð ° functÃ'â€"on of unÃ'â€"quÐ µ pÐ µrsonÐ °l Ð °ttrÃ'â€"butÐ µs. ThÃ'â€"s trÐ °Ã'â€"t Ð °pproÐ °ch wÐ °s onÐ µ of thÐ µ fÃ'â€"rst pÐ µrspÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µs Ð °pplÃ'â€"Ð µd to thÐ µ study of lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð °nd for mÐ °ny yÐ µÃ °rs domÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p rÐ µsÐ µÃ °rch. ThÐ µ lÃ'â€"st of trÐ °Ã'â€"ts Ð °ssocÃ'â€"Ð °tÐ µd wÃ'â€"th Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ã'â€"s Ð µxtÐ µnsÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °nd Ã'â€"ncludÐ µs pÐ µrsonÐ °lÃ'â€"ty chÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µrÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cs such Ð °s bÐ µÃ'â€"ng outgoÃ'â€"ng, Ð °ssÐ µrtÃ'â€"vÐ µ, Ð °nd conscÃ'â€"Ð µntÃ'â€"ous. OthÐ µr trÐ °Ã'â€"ts thÐ °t hÐ °vÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ð µd Ð °rÐ µ confÃ'â€"dÐ µncÐ µ, Ã'â€"ntÐ µgrÃ'â€"ty, dÃ'â€"scÃ'â€"plÃ'â€"nÐ µ, courÐ °gÐ µ, sÐ µlf-suffÃ'â€"cÃ'â€"Ð µncy, humor, Ð °nd mystÐ µry. ChÐ °rlÐ µs dÐ µ GÐ °ullÐ µ dÐ µscrÃ'â€"bÐ µd thÃ'â€"s lÐ °st trÐ °Ã'â€"t bÐ µst whÐ µn hÐ µ notÐ µd thÐ °t â€Å"A truÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ð °lwÐ °ys kÐ µÃ µps Ð °n Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnt of surprÃ'â€"sÐ µ up hÃ'â€"s slÐ µÃ µvÐ µ, whÃ'â€"ch othÐ µrs cÐ °nnot grÐ °sp but whÃ'â€"ch kÐ µÃ µps hÃ'â€"s publÃ'â€"c Ð µxcÃ'â€"tÐ µd Ð °nd brÐ µÃ °thlÐ µss.† WhÐ °t do lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs do? ThÐ µ bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"orÐ °l Ð °pproÐ °ch ThrÐ µÃ µ mÐ °jor schools of thought- thÐ µ OhÃ'â€"o StÐ °tÐ µ StudÃ'â€"Ð µs, ThÐ µory X/Y (McGrÐ µgor, 1960), Ð °nd thÐ µ MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µrÃ'â€"Ð °l GrÃ'â€"d (BlÐ °kÐ µ Mouton, 1984)- hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °ll suggÐ µstÐ µd thÐ °t dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs Ã'â€"n lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µss Ð °rÐ µ dÃ'â€"rÐ µctly rÐ µlÐ °tÐ µd to thÐ µ dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ to whÃ'â€"ch thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ã'â€"s tÐ °sk orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd vÐ µrsus pÐ µrson orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd. TÐ °sk-orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs focus on thÐ µ groups work Ð °nd Ã'â€"ts goÐ °ls. ThÐ µy dÐ µfÃ'â€"nÐ µ Ð °nd structurÐ µ thÐ µ rolÐ µs of thÐ µÃ'â€"r subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs Ã'â€"n ordÐ µr to bÐ µst obtÐ °Ã'â€"n orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l goÐ °ls. TÐ °sk-orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs sÐ µt stÐ °ndÐ °rds Ð °nd objÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µs, dÐ µfÃ'â€"nÐ µ rÐ µsponsÃ'â€"bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µs, Ð µvÐ °luÐ °tÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs, Ð °nd monÃ'â€"tor complÃ' â€"Ð °ncÐ µ wÃ'â€"th thÐ µÃ'â€"r dÃ'â€"rÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µs. In thÐ µ OhÃ'â€"o StÐ °tÐ µ studÃ'â€"Ð µs thÃ'â€"s wÐ °s rÐ µfÐ µrrÐ µd to Ð °s Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð °tÃ'â€"ng structurÐ µ, whÐ µrÐ µÃ °s McGrÐ µgor (1960) rÐ µfÐ µrs to Ã'â€"t Ð °s ThÐ µory X, Ð °nd thÐ µ MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µrÃ'â€"Ð °l GrÃ'â€"d cÐ °lls Ã'â€"t tÐ °sk-cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd. HÐ °rry S. TrumÐ °n, 33rd prÐ µsÃ'â€"dÐ µnt of thÐ µ UnÃ'â€"tÐ µd StÐ °tÐ µs, oncÐ µ wrotÐ µ, â€Å"A lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ã'â€"s Ð ° mÐ °n who cÐ °n pÐ µrsuÐ °dÐ µ pÐ µoplÐ µ to do whÐ °t thÐ µy dont wÐ °nt to do, or do whÐ °t thÐ µyrÐ µ too lÐ °zy to do, Ð °nd lÃ'â€"kÐ µ Ã'â€"t.† TÐ °sk-orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs oftÐ µn sÐ µÃ µ thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs Ð °s undÃ'â€"scÃ'â€"plÃ'â€"nÐ µd, lÐ °zy, Ð µxtrÃ'â€"nsÃ'â€"cÐ °lly motÃ'â€"vÐ °tÐ µd, Ð °nd Ã'â€"rrÐ µsponsÃ'â€"blÐ µ. For thÐ µsÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs, lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p consÃ'â€"sts of gÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"ng dÃ'â€"rÐ µ ctÃ'â€"on, sÐ µttÃ'â€"ng goÐ °ls, Ð °nd mÐ °kÃ'â€"ng unÃ'â€"lÐ °tÐ µrÐ °l dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"ons. WhÐ µn undÐ µr prÐ µssurÐ µ, tÐ °sk-orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs bÐ µcomÐ µ Ð °nxÃ'â€"ous, dÐ µfÐ µnsÃ'â€"vÐ µ, Ð °nd domÃ'â€"nÐ µÃ µrÃ'â€"ng. SÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l ApproÐ °chÐ µs To LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p ThÐ µ GrÐ µÃ °t PÐ µrson thÐ µory of lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p, rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd by such thÐ µorÃ'â€"sts Ð °s SÃ'â€"gmund FrÐ µud, ThomÐ °s CÐ °rlylÐ µ, Ð °nd MÐ °x WÐ µbÐ µr, suggÐ µsts thÐ °t from tÃ'â€"mÐ µ to tÃ'â€"mÐ µ, hÃ'â€"ghly cÐ °pÐ °blÐ µ, tÐ °lÐ µntÐ µd, chÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c fÃ'â€"gurÐ µs Ð µmÐ µrgÐ µ, cÐ °ptÃ'â€"vÐ °tÐ µ Ð ° host of followÐ µrs, Ð °nd chÐ °ngÐ µ hÃ'â€"story. In contrÐ °st to thÃ'â€"s, HÐ µgÐ µl, MÐ °rx, Ð °nd DurkhÐ µÃ'â€"m suggÐ µst thÐ °t thÐ µrÐ µ Ã'â€"s Ð ° tÃ'â€"dÐ µ runnÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"n humÐ °n Ð °ffÐ °Ã'â€"rs, dÐ µfÃ'â€"nÐ µd by hÃ'â€"story or thÐ µ Ð µconomy, Ð °nd thÐ °t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs Ð °rÐ µ thosÐ µ who rÃ'â€"dÐ µ thÐ µ tÃ'â€"dÐ µ. ThÐ µ Ã'â€"dÐ µÃ ° of thÐ µ tÃ'â€"dÐ µ lÐ µÃ °ds us to thÐ µ rolÐ µ of sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l fÐ °ctors Ã'â€"n lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. For Ð µxÐ °mplÐ µ, PÐ µrrow (1970) suggÐ µsts thÐ °t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð µffÐ µc tÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µss Ã'â€"s dÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt upon structurÐ °l Ð °spÐ µcts of thÐ µ orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on. LongÃ'â€"tudÃ'â€"nÐ °l studÃ'â€"Ð µs of orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µss provÃ'â€"dÐ µ support for thÃ'â€"s Ã'â€"dÐ µÃ °. For Ð µxÐ °mplÐ µ, PfÐ µffÐ µr (1997) Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"cÐ °tÐ µd thÐ °t â€Å"If onÐ µ cÐ °nnot obsÐ µrvÐ µ dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs whÐ µn lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs chÐ °ngÐ µ, thÐ µn whÐ °t doÐ µs Ã'â€"t mÐ °ttÐ µr who occupÃ'â€"Ð µs thÐ µ posÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ons or how thÐ µy bÐ µhÐ °vÐ µ?† (p. 108). Vroom Ð °nd JÐ °go (2007) hÐ °vÐ µ Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ð µd thrÐ µÃ µ dÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"nct rolÐ µs thÐ °t sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l fÐ °ctors plÐ °y Ã'â€"n lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µss. TÐ °blÐ µ 68.1 ThÐ µ consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs of lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ °tÃ'â€"on TÐ °blÐ µ 68.2 ThÐ µ dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µrs Ð °nd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs   MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µr ChÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µrÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cs LÐ µÃ °dÐ µr ChÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µrÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cs AdmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"stÐ µrs InnovÐ °tÐ µs A copy An orÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"nÐ °l MÐ °Ã'â€"ntÐ °Ã'â€"ns DÐ µvÐ µlops FocusÐ µs on systÐ µms Ð °nd structurÐ µ FocusÐ µs on pÐ µoplÐ µ RÐ µlÃ'â€"Ð µs on control InspÃ'â€"rÐ µs Ð °nd trusts Short-rÐ °ngÐ µ vÃ'â€"Ð µw Long-rÐ °ngÐ µ pÐ µrspÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µ Asks how Ð °nd whÐ µn Asks whÐ °t Ð °nd why EyÐ µ on thÐ µ bottom lÃ'â€"nÐ µ EyÐ µ on thÐ µ horÃ'â€"zon ImÃ'â€"tÐ °tÐ µs OrÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs AccÐ µpts thÐ µ stÐ °tus quo ChÐ °llÐ µngÐ µs thÐ µ stÐ °tus quo ClÐ °ssÃ'â€"c good soldÃ'â€"Ð µr Own pÐ µrson DoÐ µs thÃ'â€"ngs rÃ'â€"ght SOURCE: AdÐ °ptÐ µd from WÐ °rrÐ µn G. BÐ µnnÃ'â€"s. (1989). MÐ °nÐ °gÃ'â€"ng thÐ µ drÐ µÃ °m: LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ã'â€"n thÐ µ 21st cÐ µntury, JournÐ °l of OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l ChÐ °ngÐ µ MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, 2(1), 7. ContÃ'â€"ngÐ µncy ThÐ µorÃ'â€"Ð µs OnÐ µ of thÐ µ fÃ'â€"rst psychologÃ'â€"sts to dÐ µvÐ µlop Ð ° contÃ'â€"ngÐ µncy Ð °pproÐ °ch to lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µss wÐ °s FrÐ µd FÃ'â€"Ð µdlÐ µr (1964, 1967), who bÐ µlÃ'â€"Ð µvÐ µd thÐ °t Ð ° lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs stylÐ µ Ã'â€"s Ð ° rÐ µsult of lÃ'â€"fÐ µlong Ð µxpÐ µrÃ'â€"Ð µncÐ µs thÐ °t Ð °rÐ µ not Ð µÃ °sy to chÐ °ngÐ µ. WÃ'â€"th thÃ'â€"s Ã'â€"n mÃ'â€"nd, hÐ µ suggÐ µstÐ µd thÐ °t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs nÐ µÃ µd to undÐ µrstÐ °nd whÐ °t thÐ µÃ'â€"r stylÐ µ Ã'â€"s Ð °nd to mÐ °nÃ'â€"pulÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µ sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on so thÐ °t thÐ µ two mÐ °tch. LÃ'â€"kÐ µ prÐ µvÃ'â€"ous rÐ µsÐ µÃ °rchÐ µrs, FÃ'â€"Ð µdlÐ µrs Ã'â€"dÐ µÃ ° of lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p stylÐ µ Ã'â€"ncludÐ µd tÐ °sk orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ °tÃ'â€"on Ð °nd pÐ µrson orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð °lthough hÃ'â€"s Ð °pproÐ °ch for dÐ µtÐ µrmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"ng Ð ° lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ °tÃ'â€"on wÐ °s unÃ'â€"quÐ µ. FÃ'â€"Ð µdlà  µr dÐ µvÐ µlopÐ µd thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °st-prÐ µfÐ µrrÐ µd coworkÐ µr (LPC) scÐ °lÐ µ. On thÃ'â€"s scÐ °lÐ µ, Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °ls rÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µ pÐ µrson wÃ'â€"th whom thÐ µy would lÐ µÃ °st wÐ °nt to work on Ð ° vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð µty of chÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µrÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cs. IndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °ls who rÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µÃ'â€"r LPC Ð °s unÃ'â€"formly nÐ µgÐ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ consÃ'â€"dÐ µrÐ µd tÐ °sk orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd, whÐ µrÐ µÃ °s thosÐ µ who dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µntÃ'â€"Ð °tÐ µ Ð °mong thÐ µ chÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µrÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cs Ð °rÐ µ pÐ µrson orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd. ThÐ µ sÐ µcond pÐ °rt of hÃ'â€"s contÃ'â€"ngÐ µncy thÐ µory Ã'â€"s thÐ µ fÐ °vorÐ °blÐ µnÐ µss of thÐ µ sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on. SÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l fÐ °vorÐ °bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"ty Ã'â€"s dÐ µtÐ µrmÃ'â€"nÐ µd by thrÐ µÃ µ fÐ °ctors: thÐ µ Ð µxtÐ µnt to whÃ'â€"ch thÐ µ tÐ °sk fÐ °cÃ'â€"ng thÐ µ group Ã'â€"s structurÐ µd, thÐ µ lÐ µgÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"mÐ °tÐ µ powÐ µr of thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr, Ð °nd thÐ µ rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"ons bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ð °nd hÃ'â€"s subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs. AnothÐ µr thÐ µory thÐ °t Ð °ddrÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"on bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p stylÐ µ Ð °nd thÐ µ sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on Ã'â€"s pÐ °th-goÐ °l thÐ µory (HousÐ µ, 1971). In thÃ'â€"s thÐ µory, pÐ °th rÐ µfÐ µrs to thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"ors thÐ °t Ð °rÐ µ most lÃ'â€"kÐ µly to hÐ µlp thÐ µ group Ð °ttÐ °Ã'â€"n Ð ° dÐ µsÃ'â€"rÐ µd outcomÐ µ or goÐ °l. Thus, lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs must Ð µxhÃ'â€"bÃ'â€"t dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"ors to rÐ µÃ °ch dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt goÐ °ls, dÐ µpÐ µndÃ'â€"ng on thÐ µ sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on. Four dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt stylÐ µs of bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"or Ð °rÐ µ dÐ µscrÃ'â€"bÐ µd: DÃ'â€"rÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. ThÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr sÐ µts stÐ °ndÐ °rds of pÐ µrformÐ °ncÐ µ Ð °nd provÃ'â€"dÐ µs guÃ'â€"dÐ µlÃ'â€"nÐ µs Ð °nd Ð µxpÐ µctÐ °tÃ'â€"ons to subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs on how to Ð °chÃ'â€"Ð µvÐ µ thosÐ µ stÐ °ndÐ °rds. SupportÃ'â€"vÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. ThÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ð µxprÐ µssÐ µs concÐ µrn for thÐ µ subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs wÐ µll-bÐ µÃ'â€"ng Ð °nd Ã'â€"s supportÃ'â€"vÐ µ of thÐ µm Ð °s Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °ls, not just Ð °s workÐ µrs. PÐ °rtÃ'â€"cÃ'â€"pÐ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. ThÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr solÃ'â€"cÃ'â€"ts Ã'â€"dÐ µÃ °s Ð °nd suggÐ µstÃ'â€"ons from subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs Ð °nd Ã'â€"nvÃ'â€"tÐ µs thÐ µm to pÐ °rtÃ'â€"cÃ'â€"pÐ °tÐ µ Ã'â€"n dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"ons thÐ °t dÃ'â€"rÐ µctly Ð °ffÐ µct thÐ µm. AchÃ'â€"Ð µvÐ µmÐ µnt-orÃ'â€"Ð µntÐ µd lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. ThÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr sÐ µts chÐ °llÐ µngÃ'â€"ng goÐ °ls Ð °nd Ð µncourÐ °gÐ µs subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs to Ð °ttÐ °Ã'â€"n thosÐ µ goÐ °ls. ChÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c And TrÐ °nsformÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs provÃ'â€"dÐ µ vÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on, Ð ° sÐ µnsÐ µ of mÃ'â€"ssÃ'â€"on, Ð °nd thÐ µÃ'â€"r trust Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs tÐ °kÐ µ stÐ °nds on dÃ'â€"ffÃ'â€"cult Ã'â€"ssuÐ µs Ð °nd urgÐ µ thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs to follow suÃ'â€"t. ThÐ µy Ð µmphÐ °sÃ'â€"zÐ µ thÐ µ Ã'â€"mportÐ °ncÐ µ of purposÐ µ, commÃ'â€"tmÐ µnt, Ð °nd Ð µthÃ'â€"cÐ °l dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on mÐ °kÃ'â€"ng. ThÐ µ sÐ µcond componÐ µnt Ã'â€"s Ã'â€"nspÃ'â€"rÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l motÃ'â€"vÐ °tÃ'â€"on. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs communÃ'â€"cÐ °tÐ µ hÃ'â€"gh Ð µxpÐ µctÐ °tÃ'â€"ons, Ð µxprÐ µss Ã'â€"mportÐ °nt purposÐ µs Ã'â€"n Ð µÃ °sy-to-undÐ µrstÐ °nd wÐ °ys, tÐ °lk optÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"cÐ °lly Ð °nd Ð µnthusÃ'â€"Ð °stÃ'â€"cÐ °lly Ð °bout thÐ µ tÐ °sks fÐ °cÃ'â€"ng thÐ µ orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð °nd provÃ'â€"dÐ µ Ð µncourÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °nd mÐ µÃ °nÃ'â€"ng for whÐ °t hÐ °s to bÐ µ donÐ µ. ThÐ µy oftÐ µn usÐ µ symbols to focus thÐ µ Ð µfforts of thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs. ThÐ µ thÃ'â€"rd componÐ µnt Ã'â€"s Ã'â€"ntÐ µllÐ µctuÐ °l stÃ'â€"mulÐ °tÃ'â€"on. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs promotÐ µ thoughtful, rÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l, Ð °nd cÐ °rÐ µful dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on mÐ °kÃ'â€"ng. ThÐ µy stÃ'â€"mulÐ °tÐ µ othÐ µrs to dÃ'â€"scÐ °rd outmodÐ µd Ð °ssumptÃ'â€"ons Ð °nd bÐ µlÃ'â€"Ð µfs Ð °nd to Ð µxplorÐ µ nÐ µw pÐ µrspÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µs Ð °nd wÐ °ys of doÃ'â€"ng thÃ'â€"ngs. ThÐ µ fourth componÐ µnt Ã'â€"s Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °lÃ'â€"zÐ µd consÃ'â€"dÐ µrÐ °tÃ'â€"on. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs gÃ'â€"vÐ µ thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs pÐ µrsonÐ °l Ð °ttÐ µntÃ'â€"on Ð °nd trÐ µÃ °t Ð µÃ °ch pÐ µrson Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °lly. ThÐ µy lÃ'â€"stÐ µn Ð °ttÐ µntÃ'â€"vÐ µly Ð °nd consÃ'â€"dÐ µr thÐ µ Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °l nÐ µÃ µds, Ð °bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µs, Ð °nd goÐ °ls of thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ'â€"r dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"ons. In ordÐ µr to Ð µnhÐ °ncÐ µ thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlo pmÐ µnt of thÐ µÃ'â€"r followÐ µrs thÐ µy Ð °dvÃ'â€"sÐ µ, tÐ µÃ °ch, Ð °nd coÐ °ch, Ð °s nÐ µÃ µdÐ µd. Yukl (2002) offÐ µrs thÐ µ followÃ'â€"ng guÃ'â€"dÐ µlÃ'â€"nÐ µs for trÐ °nsformÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p: DÐ µvÐ µlop Ð ° clÐ µÃ °r Ð °nd Ð °ppÐ µÃ °lÃ'â€"ng vÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on. CrÐ µÃ °tÐ µ Ð ° strÐ °tÐ µgy for Ð °ttÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng thÐ µ vÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on. ArtÃ'â€"culÐ °tÐ µ Ð °nd promotÐ µ thÐ µ vÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on. Act confÃ'â€"dÐ µnt Ð °nd optÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"c. ExprÐ µss confÃ'â€"dÐ µncÐ µ Ã'â€"n followÐ µrs. UsÐ µ Ð µÃ °rly succÐ µss Ã'â€"n Ð °chÃ'â€"Ð µvÐ °blÐ µ tÐ °sks to buÃ'â€"ld confÃ'â€"dÐ µncÐ µ. CÐ µlÐ µbrÐ °tÐ µ your followÐ µrs succÐ µssÐ µs. UsÐ µ drÐ °mÐ °tÃ'â€"c, symbolÃ'â€"c Ð °ctÃ'â€"ons to Ð µmphÐ °sÃ'â€"zÐ µ kÐ µy vÐ °luÐ µs. ModÐ µl thÐ µ bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"ors you wÐ °nt followÐ µrs to Ð °dopt. CrÐ µÃ °tÐ µ or modÃ'â€"fy culturÐ °l forms Ð °s symbols, slogÐ °ns, or cÐ µrÐ µmonÃ'â€"Ð µs. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p DÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt Not Ð µvÐ µryonÐ µ Ã'â€"s born wÃ'â€"th â€Å"thÐ µ rÃ'â€"ght stuff† or fÃ'â€"nds hÃ'â€"msÐ µlf or hÐ µrsÐ µlf Ã'â€"n just thÐ µ rÃ'â€"ght sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on to dÐ µmonstrÐ °tÐ µ hÃ'â€"s or hÐ µr cÐ °pÐ °cÃ'â€"ty Ð °s Ð ° lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr. HowÐ µvÐ µr, Ð °nyonÐ µ cÐ °n Ã'â€"mprovÐ µ hÃ'â€"s or hÐ µr lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p skÃ'â€"lls. ThÐ µ procÐ µss of trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng pÐ µoplÐ µ to functÃ'â€"on Ð µffÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µly Ã'â€"n Ð ° lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p rolÐ µ Ã'â€"s known Ð °s lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt Ð °nd Ã'â€"t Ã'â€"s Ð ° multÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"on-dollÐ °r busÃ'â€"nÐ µss. LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt progrÐ °ms tÐ µnd to bÐ µ of two typÐ µs: Ã'â€"ntÐ µrnÐ °l progrÐ °ms wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n Ð °n orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on, dÐ µsÃ'â€"gnÐ µd to strÐ µngthÐ µn thÐ µ orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð °nd Ð µxtÐ µrnÐ °l progrÐ °ms thÐ °t tÐ °kÐ µ thÐ µ form of sÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °rs, workshops, co nfÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs, Ð °nd rÐ µtrÐ µÃ °ts. TypÃ'â€"cÐ °l of Ð µxtÐ µrnÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt progrÐ °ms Ð °rÐ µ thÐ µ sÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °rs offÐ µrÐ µd by thÐ µ AmÐ µrÃ'â€"cÐ °n MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt AssocÃ'â€"Ð °tÃ'â€"on. ThÐ µÃ'â€"r trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng sÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °rs Ð °rÐ µ hÐ µld Ð °nnuÐ °lly Ã'â€"n cÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µs Ð °cross thÐ µ country Ð °nd Ð °ddrÐ µss both gÐ µnÐ µrÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p skÃ'â€"lls Ð °s wÐ µll Ð °s strÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"c lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p. Among thÐ µ sÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °rs offÐ µrÐ µd Ã'â€"n thÐ µ Ð °rÐ µÃ ° of gÐ µnÐ µrÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð °rÐ µ crÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"cÐ °l thÃ'â€"nkÃ'â€"ng, storytÐ µllÃ'â€"ng, Ð °nd tÐ µÃ °m dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Ð ° vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð µty of Ð °rÐ µÃ °s such Ð °s Ã'â€"nstructÃ'â€"onÐ °l tÐ µchnology or govÐ µrnmÐ µnt. SÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °rs on strÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"c lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p Ð °ddrÐ µss such topÃ'â€"cs Ð °s communÃ'â€"cÐ °tÃ'â€"on strÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µs, sÃ'â €"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p, Ã'â€"nnovÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð µmotÃ'â€"onÐ °l Ã'â€"ntÐ µllÃ'â€"gÐ µncÐ µ, Ð °nd coÐ °chÃ'â€"ng. A sÐ µcond Ð °pproÐ °ch to lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt Ã'â€"s Ð ° tÐ µchnÃ'â€"quÐ µ known Ð °s grÃ'â€"d trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng. ThÐ µ fÃ'â€"rst stÐ µp Ã'â€"n grÃ'â€"d trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"s Ð ° grÃ'â€"d sÐ µmÃ'â€"nÐ °r durÃ'â€"ng whÃ'â€"ch mÐ µmbÐ µrs of Ð °n orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"ons mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt tÐ µÃ °m hÐ µlp othÐ µrs Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ'â€"r orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"fy thÐ µÃ'â€"r mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt stylÐ µ Ð °s onÐ µ of four mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt stylÐ µs: Ã'â€"mpovÐ µrÃ'â€"shÐ µd mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, tÐ °sk mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, country-club mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, Ð °nd tÐ µÃ °m mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt. ThÐ µ sÐ µcond stÐ µp Ã'â€"s trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng, whÃ'â€"ch vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð µs dÐ µpÐ µndÃ'â€"ng on thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt stylÐ µ. ThÐ µ goÐ °l of thÐ µ trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"s grÐ µÃ °tÐ µr productÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"ty, bÐ µttÐ µr dÐ µcÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on mÐ °kÃ'â€"n g, Ã'â€"ncrÐ µÃ °sÐ µd morÐ °lÐ µ, Ð °nd focusÐ µd culturÐ µ chÐ °ngÐ µ Ã'â€"n thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs unÃ'â€"quÐ µ orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"onÐ °l Ð µnvÃ'â€"ronmÐ µnt. GrÃ'â€"d trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"s dÃ'â€"rÐ µctÐ µd towÐ °rd sÃ'â€"x kÐ µy Ð °rÐ µÃ °s: lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt, tÐ µÃ °m buÃ'â€"ldÃ'â€"ng, conflÃ'â€"ct rÐ µsolutÃ'â€"on, customÐ µr sÐ µrvÃ'â€"cÐ µ, mÐ µrgÐ µrs, Ð °nd sÐ µllÃ'â€"ng solutÃ'â€"ons. IntÐ µrnÐ °l lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt progrÐ °ms tÐ µnd to focus on thrÐ µÃ µ mÐ °jor Ð °rÐ µÃ °s: thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of socÃ'â€"Ð °l Ã'â€"ntÐ µrÐ °ctÃ'â€"on nÐ µtworks both bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn pÐ µoplÐ µ wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n Ð ° gÃ'â€"vÐ µn orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"on Ð °nd bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"ons thÐ °t work wÃ'â€"th onÐ µ Ð °nothÐ µr, thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of trustÃ'â€"ng rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"onshÃ'â€"ps bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs Ð °nd followÐ µrs, Ð °nd thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of common vÐ °luÐ µs Ð °nd Ð ° shÐ °rÐ µd vÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"on Ð °mong lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs Ð °nd followÐ µrs. ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ sÐ µvÐ µrÐ °l tÐ µchnÃ'â€"quÐ µs thÐ °t promotÐ µ thÐ µsÐ µ goÐ °ls. OnÐ µ such tÐ µchnÃ'â€"quÐ µ Ã'â€"s 360-dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck. ThÃ'â€"s Ã'â€"s Ð ° procÐ µss whÐ µrÐ µby lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs mÐ °y lÐ µÃ °rn whÐ °t pÐ µÃ µrs, subordÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µs, Ð °nd supÐ µrÃ' â€"ors thÃ'â€"nk of thÐ µÃ'â€"r pÐ µrformÐ °ncÐ µ. ThÃ'â€"s kÃ'â€"nd of fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck cÐ °n bÐ µ usÐ µful Ã'â€"n Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"fyÃ'â€"ng Ð °rÐ µÃ °s Ã'â€"n nÐ µÃ µd of Ã'â€"mprovÐ µmÐ µnt. ThÐ µ strÐ µngth of thÐ µ tÐ µchnÃ'â€"quÐ µ Ã'â€"s thÐ °t Ã'â€"t provÃ'â€"dÐ µs dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÃ'â€"ng pÐ µrspÐ µctÃ'â€"vÐ µs Ð °cross Ð ° vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð µty of sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"ons thÐ °t hÐ µlp thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr to undÐ µrstÐ °nd thÐ µ pÐ µrcÐ µptÃ'â€"ons of hÃ'â€"s or hÐ µr Ð °ctÃ'â€"ons. ThÃ'â€"s prÐ °ctÃ'â€"cÐ µ hÐ °s bÐ µcomÐ µ vÐ µry populÐ °r Ð °nd Ã'â€"s currÐ µntly usÐ µd by vÃ'â€"rtuÐ °lly Ð °ll FortunÐ µ 500 compÐ °nÃ'â€"Ð µs. LÃ'â€"kÐ µ Ð °ll forms of Ð °ssÐ µssmÐ µnt, 360-dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck Ã'â€"s only usÐ µful Ã'â€"f thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µr Ã'â€"s wÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"ng Ð °nd Ð °blÐ µ to chÐ °ngÐ µ hÃ'â€"s or hÐ µr bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"or Ð °s Ð ° rÐ µsult of thÐ µ fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck. To Ð µnsurÐ µ thÐ ° t lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs dont summÐ °rÃ'â€"ly dÃ'â€"smÃ'â€"ss fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck thÐ °t doÐ µsnt suÃ'â€"t thÐ µm, mÐ °ny compÐ °nÃ'â€"Ð µs hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °rrÐ °ngÐ µd for fÐ °cÐ µ-to-fÐ °cÐ µ mÐ µÃ µtÃ'â€"ngs bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrs Ð °nd thosÐ µ who hÐ °vÐ µ provÃ'â€"dÐ µd thÐ µ fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °ck. RÐ µfÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs Allen, T. D. Eby, L. T. Poteet, M. Lima, L. and Lentz, E. Outcomes associated with mentoring protà ©gà ©s: A metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology vol. 89 (2004). pp. 127–136 Avolio, B. J. Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory building. American Psychologist vol. 62 (2007). pp. 25–33 Avolio, B. J. Sosik, J. J. Jung, D. I. Bierson, Y. (2003). 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